Bibliography Posts

1. Keating, Ann Durkin. Chicago Neighborhoods and Suburbs: A Historical Guide. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008. Print.
-Gives some background information on the communities of Westlawn and West Eldson before the riots.

2.  Williams, Juan. My Soul Looks Back in Wonder: Voices of the Civil Rights Experience. New York: AARP/Sterling, 2004. Print.
-A journalists talks about his point of view during the riots (What he saw, what he covered, ect.).

3.Grossman, James R. Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration. 1989.
Hirsch, Arnold R. Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940–1960. 1983.
Tuttle, William M., Jr. Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919. 1970.
-This Entry gives information about some past Race Riots in the city and a few that occurred after the Airport Homes Riots.

4. "West Elsdon." West Elsdon. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. <http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1336.html>.
-Gives history and information on life in the community of West Eldson before and after the race riots in 1946.

5. Fremon, David. Chicago Politics Ward by Ward. 1987.
Hirsch, Arnold. Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940–1960. 1983.
-Gives Information about the community of West Lawn before the race riots in 1946

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6. Henderson, Harold. "Scattered Successes." Chicago Reader. Sun-Times Media, 13 Oct. 1994. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/scattered-successes/Content?oid=885759.
-Gives information about the Chicago Housing Authority and segregation.

7. Hunt, Bradford D. "What Went Wrong with Public Housing in Chicago? A History of the Robert Taylor Homes." N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. http://dig.lib.niu.edu/ISHS/ishs-2001spring/ishs-2001spring096.pdf.
- CHA homes for African Americans, first African American chairman.

8. Harney, Caroline N., and James Charlton. "The Siege on South Peoria Street." Chicago Reader. N.p., 13 Jan. 2000. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/the-siege-on-south-peoria-street/Content?oid=901207.
-Article about 1949 riots on S. Peoria Street that were similar to the 1946 riots; not only white vs. black, but black vs. black too.

9. Bernard, Richard M. Snowbelt Cities: Metropolitan Politics in the Northeast and Midwest since World War II. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990. Print.
- Gives information about Chairman’s position during the riots, how he reacted, ect.

10. Reed, Christopher Robert. The Chicago NAACP and the Rise of Black Professional Leadership, 1910-1966. Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1997. Print.
-Background information on what happened in the riots, how housing and relationships were affected after
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11. Padgett, Vernon R. "Southern Heritage 411." Southern Heritage 411. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.southernheritage411.com/bc.php?nw=028>.
- Gives background information on Blacks and wars they have fought in

12. "Black, White & Beyond: Multiculturalism in Greater Akron, An Interactive History." Black, White & Beyond: Multiculturalism in Greater Akron, An Interactive History. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://learn.uakron.edu/beyond/ww2_civilRights.htm>.
- African American life during and after WWII

13. Grossman, James R. Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration. 1989.
Lemann, Nicholas. The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. 1991.
- Information on why/how many blacks moved to Chicago area.

14. Krause, Lisa. "National Geographic News @ Nationalgeographic.com." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 15 Jan. 2001. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/02/0215_tuskegee.html>.
-Interesting article on why many blacks decided to fight in the war if they were segregated

15. Duis, Perry R. "World War II." World War II. Chicago Historical Society, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1384.html>.
- Chicago during WWII

16. Mann, Leslie. "West Elsdon Forges a New Identity." Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune, 02 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-09-02/classified/ct-home-0902-west-elsdon-profile-20110902_1_neighborhood-souvenir-bricks-window>.
-Hispanics moving into the West Elsdon area, describes race change over time.

17. Shigley, Elaine. "Chicago's West Lawn Community." Examiner.com. Examiner.com, 28 Aug. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.examiner.com/article/chicago-s-west-lawn-community>.
-development of businesses in West Lawn area

18. "315 the Northern Jim Crow." Recivilization. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://recivilization.net/TheCatastrophe/315thenorthernjimcrow.php>.
-Mentions how A.H. were related to Mayor's downfall

19. Solomon, Alan. "Archer Heights/West Elsdon." Explore Chicago. City of Chicago, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://www.explorechicago.org/city/en/neighborhoods/archer_heights.html>.
-Present day West Elsdon + some history

20. "How the System Ghetto-ized Black People in Chicago." How the System Ghetto-ized Black People in Chicago. Revolutionary Worker Online, n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http://revcom.us/a/v20/980-89/985/secghet.htm>.
- Info on Chicago housing and brief information on A.H. Riots

21. Keiser, Richard A. Subordination or Empowerment?: African-American Leadership and the Struggle for Urban Political Power. New York: Oxford UP, 1997. Print.

22. Satter, Beryl. Family Properties: Race, Real Estate, and the Exploitation of Black Urban America. New York, NY: Metropolitan, 2009. Print.

Community Song Post: "This City"

"This City" by Patrick Stump ft. Lupe Fiasco 

Now, what if I told you my city was the best?
And my city was a threat to the rest?
And my city was a threat to the rest?

This city is my city
And I love it
Yeah, I love it
I was born and raised here
I got it made here
And if I have my way I'm gonna stay

From every corner to every block, yeah
Whether it's warm or stormin' or down right stupid hot, hot
From the problems all the way to the solutions, yeah
Forget all the drugs and gang corruption and pollution, no

'Cause this city is my city (oh)
And I love it
Yeah, I love it
I was born and raised here
I got it made here
And if I have my way I'm gonna stay here

For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh

Now what if I told you my city was the best?
That my city was a threat to the rest?
But you can't rest inside my city
My city so cold if you ain't dressed
And what they accept, better have the right address
Parts of my city, certain colors can't step
And sadly, I'm talkin' bout the color of your skin
Sorry, my brother, can't let you in
'Cause the property value might go down
To a level that's economically unacceptable
And socially taboo for us to live around you
Is this what it's down to?
Root for the same team, maybe have the same dream
Not the same reality
Actually, mine is a bad education and gentrification
Despite all the above I love

This city is my city
And I love it
Yeah, I love it
I was born and raised here
I got it made here
And if I have my way, I'm gonna stay here

For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh
For life, uh huh

You can take my picture
You can take my name
But you're never gonna take my city away
'Cause you, you burn it to the ground
Oh, you let it flood
But it's in my blood

'Cause this city is my city
And I love it
Yeah, I love it
I was born and raised here
I got it made here
And if I have my way, I'm gonna stay here for life

Patrick Stump and Lupe Fiasco are both from the Chicago area and teamed up to record a song about their home sweet home . Both artists describe their urban community as "a threat to the rest", suggesting that they believe there is no other place like it. They later go on to describe the Windy City's weather perfectly, saying that it can either be really cold or ridiculously hot. They both support the city, stating how they love it and how it's in their blood, but they do mention a few negative things from home. Some of those things include drugs, gangs, and pollution. They don't mention how they wish to change these things, but they do recognize that they are not great, stating: "From the problems all the way to the solutions, forget all the drugs and gang corruption and pollution, 'Cause this city is my city and I love it". Considering that they are talking about a "corrupted" community, they still love Chicago because it's their home. It's their city.

Community Post: WY Tennis Team

I believe that I am a part of three great communities. My family, my school (Whitney M. Young), and the school tennis team. These are all communities that I feel comfortable in and consists of good people with important roles. Everyone is just a single piece in these communities, but without everybody, the puzzle wouldn't be complete.The Whitney Young Tennis Team is a community that I recently joined this August, and I love it very much! The team is usually located on the tennis courts across the street from school.

There are four courts in total, each different from the other and consisting of a net and 2-4 competitive athletes. Court #1 in the front left side is the center stage to me because that's in front of the coach's tent. You want to play to the best of your ability to show your coach what you are able to do and that you are worthy of wearing this uniform. Next to court #1 is court #2, which is the 2nd place court. It's still a good spot because the coaches can see you, but the sunlight hits you a lot more. On the back left side is court #3, which is the court that most of the girls usually want because there's a big tree nearby that provides beautiful shade in the scorching weather. The JV team usually lines up against the fence of this court to cool down after an exhausting match, to chat for a while, and root for our fellow teammates. Right next to court #3 is court #4, my personal favorite. Even though the sun hits it a lot more than the others, I never minded it because this is the court where I played my first few matches when I joined the team, so it's special to me. Even with the beautiful and breath taking talent that is displayed, these courts are not the greatest. The floors of many are cracked, there are only four (which isn't enough to accommodate the nearly 30 players on the team), and there are no benches for parents and fellow classmates to sit and come cheer us on.

The courts aren't in the nicest condition (compared to the dozens that lake forest and new trier have), but the people that play in them are amazing. Every person at Whitney young is expected to do their very best in anything and everything that they do, and sports are no exception. The coaches expect every single player to be on time for practice and matches, and give it their 100%. Since this is a " no cut" tennis team, everyone is able to join, but you must put in effort to improve. Practice is held everyday for 2 hours or more and you can see the hard work in all of the girls faces. The Varsity consists of the better players, and I think all the girls look up to them because they play so well. Their role on this team is to work hard for important tournaments and stand as an example for the rest of the girls. Members of the JV team have a smaller role, but still equally as important. We all must work hard at practice and on our free time to improve our game, and hope to one day be as good as the girls on the Varsity team. The coaches on this team are always watching our every move during a match and tell us what we need to work on. They help us improve on things that we are struggling with and give us good tips and advice to move around the court quicker and defeat our opponent. Since I am on the JV team, my role is to improve my game with the help of my coaches and be in shape. I should work out on my own time besides at practice.

A community could be a group of people with common values and interests. In this case, we all have a thing for tennis. None of us would be on this team if it were not for this wonderful sport. This is my community because I have been playing tennis with my dad since I was a little girl and love the sport. Joining this team seemed like a good way to express myself with other girls with this common interest and to relax after a grueling day of hard work at school. This particular community makes me feel comfortable because I am surrounded by girls who have become my friends in this period of time and who are there to cheer me on and support me. The coaches also make me feel like a good player. I may not be the best, but they will help me improve. I had never been a part of a team or club like this, and I am very grateful to call this a family and one of my communities.

Response to Crevecour

America was the land of opportunity for many immigrants in the eighteenth-hundreds, and it still is for many today. European immigrants came to America for freedom and a better life. They wanted food, shelter, and to be rewarded for their hard labor so they can raise a family. The same goes to immigrants today. They want a better life for themselves as well as their kids, so the immigrants from both times basically had the same goal.

Crevecour's definition of an American is a man who leaves behind "all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys and the new rank he holds". He believes that an American is greatly received in this new land and that these new people have great knowledge of art, sciences, vigor, and industry to change the world for the better. Today, I believe that his definition is partially true. Most of the immigrants coming to the United States do not want to leave their ancient manners behind them. Instead, many try to preserve them and teach them to their children, along with the new ones from their new lifestyle. Also, immigrants don't receive a very warm welcome anymore, instead being criticized. Besides this, I agree with the rest. Most Immigrants embrace their new life, and are prepared to learn so they can have many opportunities to change the country and world for the better.

I don't believe that there can be a single definition of an American because all people are different. Some people may not want to leave their "ancient manners" behind them, while others are more committed to their country and well being than others (Some go off to college and make a great impact in their country while others are homeless and in debt). Crevecour's definition is almost completely true, but it's not the same for everybody.

(320 words)